The pictures of the St. Eustatius article

Picture S-1

Map of the Caribbean/Amazonian area. Marked are waterways and modern borders. The former and the latter are interrelated: most of the north border of Brazil is formed by the watershed of the rivers that flow to the Amazon, resp. the Atlantic Ocean. The border between Venezuela and Guyana is the watershed between the rivers of the Essequibo, resp. the Orinoco system. The other borders are large rivers (Oyapock, Marowijne and Corantijn). The rivers are the transport routes in this part of the world.

Picture S-6a

Watercolor (made ca. 1842) of round Akawaio houses in Guyana. (after E.A. Goodall, 1977:84)

Picture S-6b

Watercolor (made ca. 1842) of round Maopityan house in Guyana. (after E.A. Goodall, 1977:76)

Picture S-7

The ethnographical record can supply many data that do not exist in the archaeological record. The roof construction of this Oayana maloca (near Lawa River, French Guiana) informs us on such constructions. Studying many such constructions supplies data on the way pre-Columbian houses that have comparable floor-plans, such as excavated in St. Eustatius, were constructed.
Photograph A.H. Versteeg.

Picture S-11

Aerial view of Aifa, a Kalapalo village in central Brazil. A circular layout of malocas around a circular plaza is visible. A rectangular ceremonial house is situated near the center of the plaza. This ceremonial house contains wooden trumpets and other paraphernalia used during ceremonies.
After Basso, 1973:45

Picture EUX-1a

Typical Saladoid pottery from the Golden Rock site in St. Eustatius The complete pottery items (lowest three) had a ceremonial function. They were buried on purpose (cache context) in the plaza north of the houses. For a plaza see picture S-11.

Picture EUX-2

Floor plan of largest maloca (diameter 19 m) excavated at the Golden Rock site on St. Eustatius. Below the floor plan a reconstruction of the maloca. The reconstruction is on display in the museum of the St. Eustatius Historical Foundation.

After Versteeg & Schinkel, 1992: 157; lower photograph A.H. Versteeg.

Picture EUX-3

St. Eustatius consists of 3 main landscape parts: The Quill volcanoe in the south, hills in the north and a plain (Cultuurvlakte) in between. See also EUX-10 for an aerial photograph of the island. All archaeological sites are in the lower part of the island.
1= Golden Rock site (Saladoid); 2= Smoke Alley (post-Saladoid); 3= Godet (post-Saladoid); 4= Corre Corre Bay sites (preceramic).

Picture EUX-4

Excavation of a testpit in the preceramic Corre Corre Bay site.
Below the cliff the Corre Corre Bay is visible. It harbours the largest coral reef of the island. St. Kitts is visible in the background.

Picture EUX-5

Excavations at the Golden Rock site. The holes show the largest postholes (see EUX-6) belonging to a prehistoric maloca (see EUX-2). In the backgound the 600m high Quill volcanoe is visible.

Picture EUX-6

One of the large postholes of the maloca shown in EUX-2(see EUX-5).

Picture EUX-7

Excavation pits at the Smoke Alley site. The large pits were opened up by heavy machinery.

Picture EUX-8

Smoke Alley site. Floor plan of a round house with a diameter of ca.10 meters.

Picture EUX-9

Post-Saladoid pottery from the Smoke Alley site.

Picture EUX-10

Aerial photograph of St. Eustatius. The crater of the volcanoe and the northern hills stand out.

Picture EUX-11

Excavations at the Godet site. The archaaeological material is situated below ca. 2 m of overburden, a slope-wash that resulted from the 17th century deforestations. The archaeological material is situated in the layer of the boulders.

Picture EUX-12

Excavations at Smoke Alley. The pit in which two round pre-Columbian structures (houses) were excavated is visible at right. At left Kees Schinkel (Leiden University) is visible, who was in charge of the excavations at Smoke Alley. At right is Fan Croes (Archaeological Museum Aruba) who excavated the human skeletons at Smoke Alley.